Why Jharkhand Needs a Just Transition
Mining dependence, environmental degradation and climate impacts demand a transition rooted in justice and inclusion.
India has emerged as a key player in the global energy transition with ambitious climate targets, including achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. However, as a developing economy with significant dependence on coal, India faces unique challenges in implementing Just Transition policies.
Coal dependency
India is heavily reliant on coal, which employs millions of people both directly and indirectly. States like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha are particularly dependent on coal mining, making them critical players in any Just Transition strategy.
However, Jharkhand has taken proactive steps by constituting a multi-department “Task Force on Sustainable Just Transition.”
Renewable energy growth
India has set ambitious renewable energy targets, including 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030.
The rise of solar, wind, and hydro power offers immense potential for job creation, but transitioning workers from coal mining and fossil fuel-based industries to renewable sectors requires substantial planning, investment, and skill development.
Social equity challenges
Ensuring that the most vulnerable communities, such as small farmers and indigenous peoples, are not left behind in the transition.
Policy initiatives
A committee on Just Transition in the coal sector from India and the US was constituted to carry out a detailed analysis of stranded coal assets and a human-centric approach to energy transition in India.
This includes an assessment of current projects in the pipeline, the role of coal in deep decarbonisation scenarios, and health impacts of coal transitions9.